June 15, 2009

United States Interventions or alleged interventions since 1945


US overthrow of Manuel Noriega of Panama:
The US invasion of Panama, codenamed Operation Just Cause, was in December 1989, and ten years before the Panama Canal was transferred from control of the United States, back to Panama.

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1940s
• US support to Portuguese dictator Salazar, 1930s to 1974.
• Occupation of Japan 1945-1952 after World War II, drafting Japan's current democratic constitution.
• Occupation of West Germany after World War II. Merged US occupation zone with the French and British zones to form the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949.
• US provides military aid to right-wing forces battling communist insurgents in Greece in 1947.
• Central Intelligence Agency involvement in Italian Elections, involving propaganda and buying of votes, in order to prevent the Communist Party of Italy coming to power, in 1948.
• Marshall Plan 1948-1951
1950s
• Largest military contributor in Korean War from 1950 until 1953.
• US (CIA) and UK (MI-6) overthrow Prime Minister Mohammed Mossadegh of Iran (Operation Ajax) - 1953.
• CIA-orchestrated overthrow of Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán in Guatemala (Operation PBSUCCESS) - 1954.
• US support for Ngo Dinh Diem of Vietnam from 1955 - 1963.
• US support for Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista until his overthrow in 1959.
• US support to Apartheid South Africa.
• US-backed establishment of François Duvalier as dictator of Haiti.
1960s
• US-backed abortive Bay of Pigs Invasion of Cuba in 1961.
• CIA involvement in the assassination of Congo's democratically elected leader, Patrice Lumumba. Belgium has since officially apologized.
• CIA involvement in the 1963 Canadian election. (To install the Pearson Liberal Party govt. which was friendly to US Nuclear Arms testing)
• US support of Ba'ath Party coup in Iraq in 1963; support for Saddam Hussein until 1990.
• Alleged CIA-backed overthrow of Juan Bosch, the democratically elected leader of the Dominican Republic.
• Alleged CIA-backed overthrow of Jose Maria Velasco Ibarra of Ecuador in 1963.
• U.S. backs coup of South Vietnamese President Ngo Dinh Diem in 1963.
• CIA-backed overthrow of Joao Goulart in Brazil in 1964.
• CIA-backed overthrow of Sukarno in Indonesia in 1965.
• Vietnam War - (1964-1975)
• Bombing campaigns against Laos
• Secret Bombing War against Cambodia
• Alleged CIA-backed military coup brings dictator Mobutu Sese Seko to power in the Congo in 1965.
• CIA support to military coup against Ghanese leader Kwame Nkrumah in 1966.
• CIA-backed military coup ushers in Regime of the Colonels in Greece in 1967.
• American support for Israel in the 1967 Six-Day War.
• Alleged CIA-organized military operation ends in execution of Che Guevara in Bolivia in 1968.
1970s
• Alleged CIA-supported coup against Prince Sihanouk in Cambodia in 1970.
• Alleged CIA-supported military coup against President Juan Torres of Bolivia in 1971.
• American support for Pakistan in the 1971 Indo-Pakistani War.
• Alleged CIA corruption of the 1972 Australian election.
• Alleged U.S. support for the Chilean coup of 1973.
• CIA support for UNITA rebels in Angola, from 1976 - 1984.
• Alleged corruption of 1976 Portuguese Election.
• Alleged corruption of 1976 Jamaican Election.
• U.S. backs military rulers and death-squads of El Salvador (1977).
• US supports ousted Khmer Rouge, from 1979 - 1993
• Following overthrow of the dictator Anastasio Somoza Debayle in Nicaragua by the Sandinistas, the CIA supports the Contras guerilla force from 1979 - 1989. Nicaragua still has not received the U.S. restitutions for military and paramilitary activities as ruled by the International Court of Justice and as supported by a United Nations General Assembly .
• Alleged American intervention in civil war in Yemen, from 1979 - 1984.
• NAWAPA water project.
1980s
• CIA support for death-squads in El Salvador throughout the 1980s.
• Provision of military assistance to Hissène Habré of Chad leading to the overthrow of Libya-supported neutralist Goukouni Oueddei.
• Training of Nicaraguan Contras and support to repressive regimes in Honduras during the 1980s.
• Alleged CIA support to Gwangju Massacre in 1980.
• Alleged CIA and South African backing to a coup attempt in the Seychelles in 1981.
• American support for Israel in the 1982 Lebanon War.
• US invasion of Grenada, overthrow of Marxist government (Operation Urgent Fury) - 1983.
• Assassinations and bombings against Anti-Nuclear Politicians in the American colony of Palau.
• US support to coup against Timoci Bavadra, democratically elected Prime Minister of Fiji in 1987.
• US invasion of Panama, overthrow of Manuel Noriega (Operation Just Cause) - 1989.
1990s
• Funding to the opposition presidential candidate, Violeta Barrios de Chamorro, in Sandinista-ruled Nicaragua. Chamorro won the election.
• US Gulf War following Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. 1991
• US-led UN sanctions against Iraq, from 1990 to 2003.
• The Helms-Burton Law against Cuba.
• US intervention in Somalia. 1993
• NATO bombing of Bosnian Serbs. 1995
• US-led bombing campaign, called Operation Desert Fox, against Iraq in enforcement of the UN designated No-Fly zones created to protect Kurds and Marsh Arabs. 1998
• US bombing of Afghanistan in 1998.
• US bombing of the Al-Shifa pharmaceutical factory in Sudan - in 1998.
• NATO's bombing of Serbia in the Kosovo Conflict.

2000s
• US invasion of Afghanistan, overthrow of Taliban in 2001.
• The Hague Invasion Act, 2002.
• CIA-backed abortive coup against democratically-elected President Hugo Chávez of Venezuela in 2002.
• US Invasion of Iraq, overthrow of Saddam Hussein - 2003
• American support in the overthrow of President Jean-Bertrand Aristide of Haiti in 2004. (see: 2004 Haiti rebellion)
• Support to the Venezuelan opposition in the run-up to the referendum on Hugo Chávez' rule. Many elements were linked to the above-mentioned coup in 2002.

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